Dr.Sultan
03-22-2010, 10:40 PM
MANUAL MUSCLE EXAMINATION
Manual muscle testing is a procedure for the evaluation of the function and strength of individual muscles and muscle groups based on effective performance of limb movement in relation to the forces of gravity and manual resistance. Maximum muscular strength is the maximum amount of tension or force that a muscle or muscle group can voluntarily exert in one maximal effort, when the type of muscle contraction, limb velocity, and joint angle are specified. We will only be concerned with two types of muscle contractions for this type of examination: isometric (static) and concentric. Other types of muscle contractions to learn and to incorporate into the testing of athletes are: isotonic, isokinetic, and eccentric. Isometric contractions occurs when there is tension developed within the muscle but no movement occurs. The two insertion sites do not change positions, and the muscle length does not change. Concentric contractions develop tension within the muscle, the two insertion sites move closer together, and the muscle shortens. Some muscles will cross two or more joints. When those muscles produce simultaneous movement at all of the joints it crosses, the muscle will reach such a shortened position that it no longer has the ability to develop effective tension. This is called Active Insufficiency. Three functional classifications of muscles will be used with Manual Muscle Testing: prime mover or agonist, antagonist, and synergist. The agonist muscle or muscle group makes the major contribution to movement at a joint. Antagonist muscles have an opposite action to the agonists.
طالع المرفق
Manual muscle testing is a procedure for the evaluation of the function and strength of individual muscles and muscle groups based on effective performance of limb movement in relation to the forces of gravity and manual resistance. Maximum muscular strength is the maximum amount of tension or force that a muscle or muscle group can voluntarily exert in one maximal effort, when the type of muscle contraction, limb velocity, and joint angle are specified. We will only be concerned with two types of muscle contractions for this type of examination: isometric (static) and concentric. Other types of muscle contractions to learn and to incorporate into the testing of athletes are: isotonic, isokinetic, and eccentric. Isometric contractions occurs when there is tension developed within the muscle but no movement occurs. The two insertion sites do not change positions, and the muscle length does not change. Concentric contractions develop tension within the muscle, the two insertion sites move closer together, and the muscle shortens. Some muscles will cross two or more joints. When those muscles produce simultaneous movement at all of the joints it crosses, the muscle will reach such a shortened position that it no longer has the ability to develop effective tension. This is called Active Insufficiency. Three functional classifications of muscles will be used with Manual Muscle Testing: prime mover or agonist, antagonist, and synergist. The agonist muscle or muscle group makes the major contribution to movement at a joint. Antagonist muscles have an opposite action to the agonists.
طالع المرفق