سؤال تنشيطي

[Dr.Sultan]

سؤال لتنشيط الذاكرة تشريح فيسيولوجي

This is to see how much basic knowledge you have let go of.



Define the following terms and discuss their clinical significance.

**** the ligaments of the L4/5 segments from anterior to posterior

Give the most likely function of the ligamentum flavum

Give two functions of the anulus fibrosis

Give two functions of the nucleus pulposus

List three differences between disc degeneration and disc degradation

List three differences in the anatomy of the L5/S1 segment and that of the L4/5 segment

Give the two main structures that limit right axial (pure) rotation at L4/5

Describe the differences between axial (pure) rotation and physiological rotation

[Dr.Sultan]

**** the ligaments of the L3/4 segments from anterior to posterior:

Anterior longitudinal
Anterior anulus fibrosis
Lateral anulus fibrosis
Posterior anulus fibrosis
Posterior longitudinal
Intertransverse
Ligamentum flavum
Interspinous
Supraspinous

Give the most likely function of the ligamentum flavum
The elastic recoil prevents the ligament from buckling into the spinal canal during extension

Give two functions of the anulus fibrosis
Together with the nucleus pulposis, it increases range of motion over what it would be if the disc was absent
Limit range of motion as it stretches anulus
Constrain and contain the nucleus pulposis
Possible proprioceptive function

Give two functions of the nucleus pulposis
Together with the anulus it increases the range of motion over what it would be if the disc was absent
To brace the anulus
To disperse compression forces

List three differences between disc degeneration and disc degradation
Degeneration is a universal phenomenon, degradation is pathological
There is increased disc ****** with degeneration and decreased ****** with degradation
There is no herniation of nuclear material with degeneration but there is with degradation

List three differences between the anatomy of the L5/S1 segment and the L4/5.
The presence of a strong iliolumbar ligament at L5/S1
A wedge shaped L5/S1 disc
A wedge shaped L5 centrum
More coronal zygopophyseal joints at L5/S1
The absence of a supraspinous ligament at L5/S1 (according to some anatomists
)
Give the two main structures that limit right axial (pure) rotation
The left zygopophyseal joint
The right superoanteriorly orientated lamellae of the anulus fibrosis

Describe the differences between axial (pure) rotation and physiological rotation in the lumbar spine
There is normally only about 1 degree of pure rotation and upwards of three of physiological rotation
Pure rotation is uncoupled, while physiological rotation is coupled rotation and side flexion

[منه الله]

. شـكــ وبارك الله فيك ـــرا لك ... لك مني أجمل تحية .

[rainy]

افدتنا بارك الله فيك

[dr.reham]

الله عليك مشرفنا الغالي والله نورت العقول كم أنت رائع د"سلطان.